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Acetate Fiber:

Cellulose acetate can be described as a natural man-made fibre that has unique properties that allow the production of functional, beautiful and comfortable textiles when used together in conjunction with natural-synthetic yarns, synthetic yarns, or fibres. The textile industry was using Acetate yarns for the initial time around the 20th century. Since the time, acetate yarns have gained popularity across the clothing industry. Nowadays, acetate yarns are widely used in knitting and weaving. Due to the properties of yarns made of acetate they can be utilized to satisfy the demands of both items that are mass-market, such as linings, or top-quality fabrics in the more competitive markets “niche” items.

Physical properties of acetate fibre

• Tenacity: 9.7-11.5 cN/tex
• Elongation: (wet) 35-45 %, (dry) 23-30%
• Elastic recovery48 to 60 %
• Particular gravity 1.30
• Melting point: 232oC
• Moisture regain: 6.5 %

The application of the acetate fibre

Wearing formal clothes evening gowns, coats and accessories for Japanese neckties, dresses, scarfs, sweaters, blouses and more.

Home furnishing: such as sheets, blankets, bedding, fabrics for curtains, etc.

Other uses: Like umbrellas, cigarette filters, etc.

Triacetate Fiber:

Cellulose triacetate is a fibre made of cellulose. Schutzenberger was among the first to discover triacetate cellulose in 1865. The earliest Acetate however was a strong solid plastic that was a source of lots of acids and was only dissolved in chlorinated solvents with high cost. This meant that until the mid-1950s when more economical solvents became available, cellulose triacetate wasn’t economically feasible. Triacetate is a sturdy and wrinkle-resistant material that is resistant to stains, chemicals insects, sunlight, and moisture. It is not recommended to dry clean but regular laundering is not harmful to it. It quickly dries with cool or air dryers, maintains its shape and doesn’t need ironing. Triacetate is a tough material that is employed in taffetas and suits. Tablecloths, clothing that drip dry as well as skirts and slacks are all made from it. It’s used for enhancing the washing ability and wrinkle retain wool-based blends.

Triacetate Fiber’s physical characteristics

• Soluble in chloroform, methylene chloride, m-cresol, 90 percent phenol
• Insoluble in acetone
• Unaffected by alkalis, dilute acids and bleaches
• The cross-section is bulbous. fibres have longitudinal striations
• Tenacity = 1.1-1.4 g/denier (dry); 0.7-0.8 g/denier (moist)
• Elongation = 25-35 per cent (dry) (dry); 30- 40 per cent (wet)
• Moisture regains = 2.5-3.5%
• Melting Point = 3000 C
• Density is 1.32 grams/cc

The uses of triacetate fibre:

Triacetate can be found in underwear and lingerie warp-knit garments that retain their form, as well as knitted and woven materials which do not shrink or swell. Triacetate is mixed with viscose and cotton to create clothes that are stable and create pleats for life and is combined in conjunction with wool to confer non-shrink properties to the blend. When it is blended with viscose staples or cotton, the long-lasting pleating properties of triacetate fabric are of special importance for garments such as skirts as well as slacks. Triacetate is mixed with wool to make fabrics that blend wool’s warmth with the drip dry and heat setting characteristics of triacetate.

Alginate Fiber:

• Stanford C. Stanford English chemist realized in 1883 that brown seaweeds contained a chemical that worked like cellulose within a land plant. The substance, which is now referred to as alginic acid, is an emulsion of d-mannuronic acid that has a molecular mass of over 15,000 times higher than water. Alginic acids comprise about a third or more of the weight dry of a variety of seaweed species and are abundant within the millions of tonnes of weeds that line the beaches of the world. When alginic acid is treated using caustic soda, sodium salt sodium alginate forms. The alginic acid found in seaweed can be removed by treatment with caustic soda, or any other solution that is alkaline and sodium alginate dissolves in water and forms the most vicious of solution. If it is that the solution of sodium alginate becomes acidified, the alginic acid forms a precipitate.

The physical properties that are present in fibres made from alginate:

• Tenacity: 14-18 CN/tex (1.6-2.0 g/den) dry; 4.4 CN/tex (0.5 g/den) moist.
• Elongation rate: 2-6 per cent in typical conditions. 25 per cent wet.
• Specific Gravity 1.779

The uses of alginate fibre:

Their non-inflammability is an important attribute that has led to their use as curtain material for theatres for instance. In this instance, the case of a washable alginate fabric could be a good choice for clothing for children. The alkali solubility of the fibres has led to a myriad of special applications. They are utilized as strength-building components in wool yarns that are loosely spun for instance. The fibres of alginate are dissolving after knitting, creating a fluffy lightweight fabric that would not be made with traditional techniques. Hosiery manufacturers are especially interested in calcium-based yarn. Socks are joined through a couple of courses of alginate yarn. Production is continuous. Socks are divided by cutting the yarn with alginate, the remnants of which are dissolving away. This method allows perfect welts in all socks. For medical applications, the calcium/sodium alginate yarn offers dressings and dressings styptic that are non-toxic, hemostatic and absorbable into the blood circulation. It is commonly used in dental surgeries to fill cavities.

Viscose Fiber

Of all the fibres, rayon, which is also known as viscose and viscose is perhaps the most permeable for customers. End-uses that resemble cotton as well as luxurious velvets and taffetas, could all be found in it. It is used in diapers and pads for incontinence as well as tyre cords for strength. Rayon is made of wood pulp that is a cheap and renewable resource, however, its manufacturing process requires lots of energy and water. Additionally, it is a pollutant to the environment as well as water. The accessibility in raw material, along with the advancement of production processes as well as processes has enhanced rayon’s marketability.

The physical properties of viscose fibre

• Tenacity: 2.4 -3.2 gm/den
• Density: 1.64 – 1.54 gm/cc
• Break length: 13 13%
• Elasticity: Good
• Moisture Regain (MR %): 11 – 13%
• Melting point: The fibre weakens when is heated to temperatures above 150 degrees Celsius.
• The ability to protest friction A little
• Colour: White.

The uses of viscose fibres:

1. Yarns: Embroidery thread cord, chenille, novelty yarns.
2. Fabrics: Gabardine, crepe and lace, suiting and outerwear fabrics. They also have liners for jackets, furs, and other outerwear.
3. Apparel: Blousesand dresses and jackets. millinery, linings and lingerie (hats) and slacks. sportswear, sport shirts and suits, ties work attire.
4. Textiles for domestic use: bedspreads draperies, blankets, curtains sheets, slipcovers, sheets Tablecloths, upholstery and.
5. Textiles for industrial use high-tenacity rayon is used to reinforce mechanical rubber products (tires conveyor belts and hoses) Applications in the aerospace, agricultural, and manufacturing of textiles, including braided cord tape.

Modal Fiber:

Modal fibre has been rejuvenated. The fibre is rayon from the future generation. The fibre is made of “beech tree” wood chips (European Schneider Zelkova tree). It’s the definition of a “high Wet Modulus Fiber” created using an altered viscose process as well as different precipitating baths. Modal fibres’ wet strength is much higher than regular viscose fibres. It’s abrasion-resistant and is soft to the feel. It’s also a fantastic draper. The improved fibre properties include greater wear, stronger dry and wet strength, and more dimensional stability as an outcome of this procedure. Modified beech tree cellulose is utilized in the modifiable fibre.

Properties of physical fibers modal:

• Specific gravity 1.53 grams/cc
• Tenacity: 22-40 grams/denier (dry)3.8-50 grams/denier (wet))
• Moisture Regain 11.8%
• Elongation at Break: 7 % (dry), 8.5% (wet)

Modal fibre uses:

Modal fibres are used to achieve aesthetics and comfort as well as lustre, sheen naturality and shine. Modal fibres are used in the production of the following products:

• T-Shirts.
• Socks.
• Sportswear.
• Sheets for beds.
• Underwear.
• Towels and bathrobes.

Cupro Fiber:

Cellulose dissolves in a mixture of ammonia and copper salts which is known as cuprammonium liquor and the cellulose fibres that are regenerated are created by the extrusion process of this solution in a coagulating bath. The yarn that is produced through the process of removing cuprammonium consists of cellulose that has been regenerated; it is now commonly known under the term cupro.

Properties of physical cupro fibre

• Tenacity = 15 CN/tex (1.7-2.3 G/den) in dry conditions; 9.7-11.9 CN/tex (1.1-1.35 g/den) wet.
• Tensile strength is 2100-3150 kg/cm2 (30,000-40,000 pounds. /in2).
• Elongation = 10-17 percent (dry) as well as 17-33 percentage (wet)
• Elastic Recovery = 20-75 percent
• Specific Gravity = 1.54
• Moisture recovery is 12.5 per cent under normal conditions.
• The decomposition temperature of 250 deg C

Cupro Fibre uses:

Cupro can be used to make nets, satins, chiffons as well as ninons and sheer fabrics. The majority of this yarn is utilized in dress fabrics, underwear as well as liner fabrics. Slub yarns can be found in a variety of different applications, especially as weft. Sportwear, dress and fine drapery fabrics all employ slub yarns. Production of dyed yarn fabric to create silk-like linings that are high-end upholstery, and dress fabrics is a specialized end-use. Reel spun yarns work well for these uses since they are made in skeins that can dye in an untwisted state. The yarn-dyed can be used both for the warp and the weft that is untwisted for the warp and bent in the case of the warp.

Rubber:

It is a natural polymer that is formed by the coagulation of latex by certain species of plants, including that of the tree called Hevea brasiliensis that grows even in the tropical climate. Rubber is a durable elastic material that stretches and transforms into dough-like plastic when heated. It is kneaded, mixed and then rolled with powerful mills in the process of the process. This makes the rubber more flexible, which makes it thermoplastic, and reduces the elasticity of the polymer in its raw form. However, milling permits other substances like sulphur to be mixed with the rubber. This can be used later in the curing or vulcanization process.

The physical characteristics of rubber

• Tensile Strength 385kg/cm 2. (5500 pounds. /in2).
• Tenacity: 4.0 CN/tex (0.45 g/den) (cf. spandex: 6.2 CN/tex (0.7 g/den).
• Elongation: 700-900 per cent (cf. spandex: 700-800 per cent).
• Elastic Recovery 100 per cent.

Rubber applications:

• Corsetry
• Swimwear
• Footwear
• The Surgical Hosiery
• Hosiery for children and adults including underwear, outerwear and underwear